Resources and Tutorials

• Routing Resources
• Switching Resources
• Python Tutorials
• Protocol Testing Resources

• Introduction to Routing
  • What is Routing?
  • What is a Routing Table?
  • What is Static Routing?
  • Advantages of Static Routing
  • Limitations of Static Routing
  • What is Dynamic Routing?
  • Advantages of Dynamic Routing
  • Limitations of Dynamic Routing
• Introduction to Routing Protocols
  • What is a Routing Protocol?
  • Functions of a Routing Protocol
  • Different Types of Routing Protocols
  • Advantages of Using Routing Protocols
• Distance Vector vs. Link State Routing Protocols
  • Distance Vector Routing Protocols
  • How do Distance Vector Routing Protocols Work?
  • Link State Routing Protocols
  • How do Link State Routing Protocols Work?
  • Advantages and Disadvantages
• Understanding IGP and EGP
  • Understanding Autonomous Systems
  • Understanding IGP and EGP
  • Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs)
  • Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGPs)
• Introduction to BGP
  • What is BGP?
  • How is BGP Different from Other Routing Protocols?
  • Features of BGP
  • BGP Packet Types
• How BGP Works
  • How BGP Works?
  • What is IBGP and EBGP?
• BGP Protocol Peering and States
  • Understanding the BGP Peering Process
  • BGP Peering States
• BGP Configuration Example 1: EBGP Peering
  • Router Configurations
  • Verifying the BGP Peering
  • show ip bgp summary
  • show ip bgp
  • show ip bgp <network address>
• BGP Configuration Example 2: EBGP Using Loopback Interfaces
  • Configuration Process
  • Router Configuration Commands
  • Verification of Peering Stability
• Understanding OSPF DR BDR Election
  • What is a Designated Router or DR?
  • What is a Backup Designated Router or BDR?
  • DR BDR Election Process
  • Why does OSPF elect the BDR before the DR?
  • What is a DR Other?
  • What happens after the election?
  • How BDR will know DR is alive?
  • OSPF Network types and DR BDR election
  • How many Designated Routers can be there in an Area?
• Understanding OSPF Redistribution
  • What is Route Redistribution?
  • Redistribution in OSPF
  • How LSA 4 is used in Redistribution?
  • How LSA 5 is Used in Redistribution?
  • What is “Forwarding Address” in LSA 5?
  • OSPF E1 and E2 Routes
  • Configuring Redistribution
• OSPF Configuration Example: Adjacency Formation
  • OSPF Configuration Example 1: Adjacency Formation
  • Configuration Procedure
  • About OSPF Configuration
  • Why use loopback interfaces?
  • OSPF Configuration Commands
  • Adjacency Verification
  • Understanding the “show” commands
• OSPF Configuration Example 2: Multi-Area Setup
  • Understanding the Topology
  • Configuration Procedure
  • Configuration Commands
  • Verifying the Results
• OSPF Configuration Example 3: DR BDR Election
  • DR BDR Election
  • Configuring DR BDR Election with Interface Priority
  • Understanding OSPF Interface Priority
  • Configuration Procedure
  • Verification of OSPF DR and BDR Election
  • Configuring DR BDR Election with Router ID
• OSPF Configuration Example 4: Redistribution Commands
  • Redistribution of Static Routes: Topology and Configuration
  • Understanding and Configuring Redistribution from EIGRP to OSPF
  • Configuring Redistribution with Metric Type 1: “O E1” Routes
  • Using the Route Tag Field in OSPF
  • OSPF Commands to Configure Redistribution from Other Protocols

• Understanding How Ethernet Switches Work
  • What is an Ethernet switch?
  • How does a switch work?
  • Differences between switches and hubs
  • Cases When a Switch Will Flood a Frame
  • What is a collision domain?
  • What is a broadcast domain?
  • What is a tagged port or trunk port?
  • What is an untagged port or an access port?
  • Difference between L3 switches and L2 switches
• Understanding VLANs, Tagging Process, and Configuration
  • What is a VLAN?
  • What is VLAN tagging?
  • What are the advantages of using VLANs?
  • Why can a switch support only 4096 VLANs?
  • How to Configure VLANs on a Cisco Switch?
• Configuring VLANs and Dot1Q Tagging on Cisco Switches
  • Example 1: Configuring VLANs and Port Mapping
  • Example 2: Configuring VLAN Tagged or Trunk Ports
• Configuring Router on a Stick for Inter-VLAN Communication
  • Inter-VLAN Communication
  • Inter-VLAN Communication Methods
  • What is Router on a Stick?
  • Understanding the Router on a Stick Topology
  • Frame Flow in Router on a Stick Topology
  • Cisco Router on a Stick Configuration

• Chapter 1: Introduction to Python Programming
  • What is Python?
  • Who Created Python?
  • What are the Key Releases of Python?
  • What are the Features and Advantages of Python?
  • About this Python Tutorial
• Chapter 2: Setting up Python
  • How to Install Python on Windows
  • How to Install Python on macOS
  • How to Install Python on Linux (Ubuntu/Debian/Fedora)
  • What is an IDE?
  • What are the Popular IDEs for Python?
  • How to Use IDLE
• Chapter 3: Working with Variables in Python
  • Getting Python Version
  • What is a Variable?
  • Different Ways to Assign Values to Variables
• Chapter 4: Mastering the Print Function in Python
  • Simple Print Statements
  • How to Print with Descriptive Text
  • Formatted String Literals or F-strings
  • Using Format Specifiers
  • Using String Concatenation in the Print Function
  • Handling Quotes in Strings
  • What is the `end` Argument in the Print Function?
  • What is the `sep` Argument in the Print Function?
• Chapter 5: Python Conditional Statements: `if`, `else`, and `elif`
  • Introduction to Python `if` and `else`
  • Understanding Python `if` Syntax
  • Multiple Lines of Code in an `if` Statement
  • Using `else` with `if`
  • How does Python know when the `if` code block is finished?
  • Using the `pass` Statement
  • Checking Odd and Even Numbers with `if` and `else`
  • Combining conditions with `and` and `or`
  • Nested `if` statements in Python
  • Using `elif` for Multiple Conditions
• Chapter 6: Python While and For Loops: Examples and Explanations
• Chapter 7: Working with Strings in Python
• Chapter 8: Python Lists and Tuples – Operations and Methods
• Chapter 9: Python Dictionaries – Operations and Methods
• Chapter 10: Python Functions, Variable Scopes, and Lambda Expressions
• Chapter 11: Python File Handling – Reading, Writing, and Managing Files
• Chapter 12: Exception Handling in Python -Techniques and Examples

• Introduction to L2 L3 Protocol Testing
  • What is Protocol Testing?
  • What is L2L3 Protocol Testing?
  • Methods for L2L3 Protocol Testing
  • Protocol Testing Models: Waterfall Vs Agile model
  • Protocol Testing Life Cycle
• L2L3 Protocol Testing Types
  • Smoke Testing
  • Sanity Testing
  • Conformance Testing
  • Functional Testing
  • Performance Testing
  • Scalability Testing
  • Interoperability Testing
  • Regression Testing
  • User-Scenario Testing
  • Stress Testing
  • Negative Testing
  • Benchmark Testing
  • Exploratory Testing
  • Competitive Testing
• Protocol Testing Interview Questions: Part 1
  • What is a Protocol?
  • What is Protocol Testing?
  • What are the different types of Protocol Testing?
  • Difference between Datacom Testing and Telecom Testing?
  • Differences between Manual Testing and Automation?
  • Differences between Protocol Testing and Software Testing?
  • Which testing tools are used in Datacom Testing?
  • What is Regression Testing?
  • Purpose of conformance testing in protocol testing?
  • How do you conduct functional testing in protocol testing?
  • What is the role of interoperability testing?
  • How do you perform scalability testing in protocol testing?
  • Describe a scenario where load testing is critical
  • Protocol categories and common protocols
• Protocol Testing Interview Questions: Part 2
  • Differences between Unit Testing and System Testing
  • What is the Agile Testing Method?
  • Difference between White, Black, and Grey Box Testing
  • What is a Test Plan?
  • What is a Test Case?
  • What is a Software Bug?
  • Difference between Bug Severity and Bug Priority?
  • What is a Functional Specification Document?
  • Importance of integration testing in software testing?
  • How do you approach test case design?
  • What is exploratory testing, and when is it used?
  • What are the key components of a test report?
  • How does continuous integration influence testing practices?
• Protocol Testing Interview Questions: Part 3
  • What is End-to-End Testing in Protocol Testing?
  • What are Negative Test Cases in Protocol Testing?
  • How do you perform Load Testing in Protocol Testing?
  • How do you verify protocol compliance?
  • What are the common challenges in Protocol Testing?
  • Explain the OSI model and its relevance to Protocol Testing?
  • How do you handle interoperability testing?
  • What is the significance of using virtual test environments?
  • How do you ensure security in Protocol Testing?